Mirror Stylebook
A
| AA-Accepted abbreviation for academic associate. Use on second and later references only. | Abbreviations and acronyms- In general, abbreviations and acronyms are meant not only to save space, but also to facilitate comprehension. Abbreviations or acronyms which the reader will not recognize should not be used. Using abbreviations and acronyms too often can detract from both the clarity and typographical appearance of your newspaper. |
| Academic associate- On first reference, spell out. On second and later references, AA is acceptable. | Academic calendar- Augustana’s academic year calendar is broken
into several periods of class sessions and breaks. These periods
should be referred to in the same manner on every reference. They
are as follows:
first semester or fall semester; Fall Break; Christmas Break; Interim; Interim Break; second semester or spring semester; Spring Break; summer sessions or summer college |
| Academic classifications-All academic classifications, such
as first-year student, sophomore, junior, and senior should
be in lowercase. Use lowercase when identifying academic groups,
such as the junior class.
When identifying a student in a news story or letter to the editor, include the student’s academic classification as a means of identifying that student and for reference. An academic classification should be set off by commas when it follows a student’s name: Joe Student, sophomore, said… When an academic classification precedes a student’s name there should be no comma between the classification and the name: First-year student Felicity McBeal said… |
Academic degrees-If mention of degrees is necessary to establish
someone’s credentials, the preferred form is to avoid an abbreviation and
instead use a phrase such as: Sandra Looney, who has a doctorate in
English.
Use an apostrophe in bachelor’s degree, a master’s, etc. Use such abbreviations as B.A., M.A., and Ph. D. only when there is a need to identify many individuals by degree on first reference. Use these abbreviations only after a full name-never after just a last name. When used after a name, an academic abbreviation is set off by commas: Janet Blank-Libra, Ph.D., spoke. Do not precede a name with a courtesy title for an academic degree and follow it with the abbreviation for the degree in the same reference. When in doubt about the proper abbreviation for a degree follow the first listing in Webster’s New World Dictionary. See doctor. |
| Academic departments-When using a department name in a “proper” sense, capitalize the name of the department: Department of English, Department of History. When using a department name in a generic sense, use lowercase: the history department, the science department. (Note that this is a variation of AP style.) Always capitalize proper nouns and adjectives: the English department, the German department. |
| Department of Art | Department of Biology |
| Department of Business Administration/Economics | Department of Chemistry |
| Department of Computer Science | Department of Education |
| Department of English and Journalism | Department of Government and International Affairs |
| Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation | Department of History |
| Department of Mathematics | Department of Modern Foreign Languages |
| Department of Music | Department of Natural Science |
| Department of Nursing | Department of Physics |
| Department of Psychology | Department of Religion/Philosophy/Classics |
| Department of Sociology/Social Work | Department of Communication and Theater |
| Academic titles-Capitalize and spell out formal titles such
as professor, dean, president, pastor, chancellor, chairman, etc.
when they precede a name. They should always be lowercase elsewhere.
Pastor Maribeth McGoven spoke in chapel today. The campus pastor spoke in chapel today. Lowercase modifiers such as education in education Professor Mary Friehe or department Chair Sandra Looney. See doctor and titles. |
Acting-Always lowercase, but capitalize any formal title that
may follow acting and precede a name: acting President Sidney A. Rand.
See titles. |
| Addresses-Use the abbreviations Ave., Blvd. and St.
only with a numbered address: 325 Summit Ave. Spell them out
and capitalize when part of a formal street name without a number: Summit
Ave. Lowercase and spell out when used alone or with more than one
street name: Minnesota and Cliff avenues.
All similar words (alley, circle, drive, road, terrace, etc.) are always spelled out. Capitalize them when part of a formal name without a number; lowercase when used alone or with two or more names. Always use figures for an address number: Right: 9 Savannah Circle. Wrong: Nine Savannah Circle. Spell out and capitalize First through Ninth when used as street names; use figures with two letters for 10th and above: 19 Fourth Ave., 100 41st St. Abbreviate compass points used to indicate directional ends of a street or quandrants of a city in a numbered address; 234 N. Franklin Ave., 1212 72nd St. N.W., 1504 E. 11th St. do not abbreviate if the number is omitted: East 26th Street, South Minnesota Avenue, Holly Boulevard Northwest. |
Administration-Lowercase: the administration, the president’s administration, the Wagonerr administration, the college administration. |
| Administration Building-When referring to the Administration Building on campus, always capitalize both words. | Advisor |
| Ages-Always use figures when listing an age. When the
context does not require years or years old, the figure is
presumed to be years.
Ages expressed as adjectives before a noun or as substitutes for a noun use hyphens. Examples: A 10-year-old house, but the house is 10 years old. The woman, 30, has a 3-month-old son. The girl, 9, has a brother, 13. The contest is for 18-year-olds. The man is in his 80s (no apostrophe). See comma for punctuation guidelines. |
Aid, aide-Aid is assistance.
An aide is a person who serves as an assistant. |
| Album titles-When including album titles in a story, the title
should be in italics. The individual or group which produced the
album should be in regular type: Madonna's Ray of Light, Lauryn
Hill's The Miseducatia of Lauryn Hill.
See song titles and composition titles. |
Alma mater-The words to the Augustana alma mater are as follows:
Augustana, we sing out thy praises, Our hearts are overflowing with love. As thy banners we bear, We willingly share That gift that was given from above. We cherish thy aims and traditions, To thee we will ever be true, As we march on through life, We’ll let love o’ercome strife, Thanking God, Augustana, for you |
| Alumnus, alumni, alumna, alumnae-Use alumnus (alumni
in the plural) when referring to a man.
Use alumna (alumni in the plural) for similar references to a woman. Use alumni when referring to a group of men and women. |
a.m., p.m.-Lowercase, with periods. Avoid the redundant 9 p.m. tonight, or 7 a.m. this morning. |
| ANSA-Augustana Nursing Student Association. Spell out the organizations full name on first reference. ANSA may be used on second and latter references. | Archeology Lab |
| Art Building I & II | |
| ASA-Augustana Student Association. Spell out the
full name on first reference in all cases. The abbreviated form may
be used in the second and latter references.
ASA is Augustana’s student government organization. |
Assistant-Do not abbreviate. Capitalize only when part
of a formal title before a name: Assistant Professor of English and
journalism Jeffrey Miller. If possible, however, place the title
after the name: Jeffrey Miller, assistant professor of English and journalism.
When using titles such as assistant professor and associate professor, consult a current faculty directory to determine a faculty member’s proper status. |
| Associate-Never abbreviate. Apply the same capitalization rules listed under assistant. | Attribution-Use said in all news stories when attributing
a quote or idea to an individual. A quote should stand on its own
and does not need the help of “according to” or “he believes.”
Never editorialize a quote by adding attributions such as the official
grinned, the woman smiled, or the president retorted.
When quoting an individual for the first time in a story, the individual’s name and any identifying title should be given to let the reader know who is speaking and why he or she is being quoted. For example: “I’m very happy with the decision,” said Sandra Looney, an Augustana College English professor involved in the selection of a new president. It is preferable to offer attribution at the end of a quote unless a new speaker is quoted immediately following a previous speaker’s quote. In such a case, the new speaker should be identified at the beginning of the quote. For example: “I believe they made the right choice,” said Looney. Dean of Student Services Jim Bies disagreed, saying, “They were entirely wrong in making the choice they did.” Said should always follow the speaker’s name at the end of a simple attribution. Wrong: “I agree,” said Looney. Right: “I agree,” Looney said. |
| Augie Doggie-Official name of the Augustana Vikings’ mascot. Is acceptable in all references. | Augustana College-Proper title for the college. Always capitalize the first letter of each word when using them together. Augie is acceptable only on second reference in feature stories, sports stories and direct quotes. |
| Augustana Nursing Association-ANSA. On first reference, always spell out the organization’s full name. On second and latter references, ANSA is acceptable. | Augustana Student Association-ASA. On first reference, always spell out the organization’s full name. On second and latter references, ASA is acceptable. ASA is Augustana’s student government organization. |
| Baccalaureate | Bachelor of arts, bachelor of science-A bachelor’s degree
or bachelor’s is acceptable in any reference.
See academic degrees for rules on when the abbreviations B.A. or B.S. are acceptable. |
| Back Alley | Beloit Room |
| Bergsaker Hall-First-year student, co-ed residence hall. | Bible-Capitalize, without quotation marks, when referring to
the Scriptures of the Old Testament or the New Testament. Also capitalize
related terms such as the Gospels, Gospel of St. Mark, the Scriptures,
the Holy Scriptures.
Lowercase biblical in all uses. Lowercase bible as a non-religious term: My Mirror stylebook is my bible. Do not abbreviate individual books of the Bible. When citing specific biblical chapters and verses, use this form: Mark 4:13, Deuteronomy 2:1, 1 Kings 10:4-9. |
| Blue Key-An academic honor society at Augustana for senior men. | Board-Capitalize only when an integral part of a proper name.
For example: The Hills-Beaver Creek School Board voted. The school board voted. |
| Board of Regents-Always capitalize when using as the official
title of the Augustana Board of Regents. Capitalize Regents
when referring to the board with this abbreviated title. Do not capitalize
board
when referring to the group by this title alone.
When naming an individual board member, list the member’s full name along with his or her home town. |
Boldface-Use boldface type for bylines at the top of a story
and for separate subheads if needed with in a story.
Do not use boldface for individual words within a story. |
| Book titles-Italicize and capitalize. See composition titles. | Bookstore |
| brackets [ ]-Use brackets when clarifying information in a quote:
Actual quote: “I don’t think he did it.” Using brackets: “I don’t think [Jimmy Lee Boykin] did it.” The name of the individual (Boykin) fills in the missing information from the quote. See parentheses. |
Building-Never abbreviate. Capitalize the proper names
of buildings, including the word building if it is an integral part of
the proper name: the Social Science Building.
See buildings on campus. |
| Administration Building | Archeology Lab |
| Art Building I | Art Building II |
| Bergsaker Hall | Campus Catholic Library |
| Campus Learning Center | Center for Western Studies |
| Chapel of Reconciliation | Costello Hall |
| East Hall | Edith Mortenson Center |
| Eide/Dalrymple Art Gallery | Elmen Center |
| Gilbert Sciece Center | Granskou Hall |
| Humanities Center | Madsen Center for the Social Sciences |
| Maintenance Service Center | Mikkelsen Library |
| Morrison Commons | Norse Inn |
| Old Main | Service Center |
| Solberg Hall | Stavig Hall |
| Tuve Hall | Valhalla House |
| Wellness Center |
| Cafeteria- Acceptable for all references to the Morrison Commonsdining room. Do not use when referring to the Huddle. | Call letters- Use all maps. use hyphens to seperate the
type of station from the basic call letters: KAUR-FM, KELO-AM.
Do not italicize or use in boldface.
See radio station. |
| Campus Learning Center | |
| Canton Room | Center for Western Studies- Located in the lower level of Mikkelsen Library. |
| Cents- Spell out the word cents and lowercase, using numerals for amounts less than a dollar: 9 cents, 15 cents. Use the $ sign and decimal system for larger amounts: $1.50, $4.99.. | Century- Lowercase, spelling out numbers less than 10: third
century, the 19th century.
For proper names, follow the organization's pratice: 20th Century Fox, Twentieth Century Fox, Twentieth Century Limited. |
| Chairman, chairwomen- Capitalize as a formal title before a
name: department Chairman Richard Bowman, committee Chairwoman Ronelle
Thompson.
Do not capitalize as a casual, temporary position: meeting chairman Larry Brendtro. It is also acceptable to use chairperson if that is the preferred title. |
Chapel, chapel- When referring to the Chapel at Augustana as a building, capitalize. When referring to chapel services do not capitalize. |
| Chapel of Reconciliation | |
| Chamber Winds | chapters- Capitalize chapter when used with a numeral
in reference to sections of a book or legal code. Always use Arabic
figures: Chapter 3, Chapter 25.
Lowercase when standing alone: Read two chapters from your book. |
| Chi Epsilon-An academic honor society at Augustana for senior women. | Church- Capitalize as part of the formal name of a building,
a congregation or a denomination: lowercase in other uses: St. Mary's
Church, the First Presbyterian Church, the Lutheren and Methodist churches,
a church.
Lowercase in phrases where the church is used in an institutional sense: She believes in seperation of church and state. The pope said that the church opposes abortion. |
| Cities- Capitalize city as a part of a proper name: Kansas
City, New York City, Sioux City.
Lowercase elsewhere: a Texas city; the city government; the city Board of Education; the city of Sioux Falls. Capitalize when part of a formal title before a name: City Commissioner Susan Randall. Lowercase when not part of the formal title: city Dog Catcher Fred Friendly. When naming a city in South Dakota, always use S.D. after the city name, except for Rapid City, Pierre, and Sioux Falls. When naming cities in other states, use the state abbreviation after the city name except for well known cities such as New York, Minneapolis, San Diego, Boston, etc. See dateline entry in AP Stylebook. |
City Government- Sioux Falls has a five member city commission.
A list of current city commissioners and their terms can be found near
the back of this stylebook.
When citing a specific city counsil or commission, capitalization should be used: the Sioux Falls City Commission; The City Council decided today..... |
Clubs on campus-
| Adelphics
Alpha Beta Chi Alpha Beta Mu Alpha Psi Omega American Chemical Society Augustana Cheer Team Augustana College Congregation (ACC) Augustana College Education Association Augustana College Theatre Society (ACTS) Augustana French Club Augustana Non-Traditional Student Association Augustana Nursing Students Association Augustana Outdoor Club Augustana Student Association (ASA) AWARE Beta Beta Beta Blue Key Catholic Campus Ministries Chi Epsilon Circle K Club College Republicans Concert and Lecture or Con-Lec Dance Express Deaf Awareness Debate EDDA ENGAGE Family Weekend Committee Fellowship of Christian Athletes German Club Gladstonian Society |
Green
Habitat for Humanity International Student Club Kappa Delta Pi KAUR-FM Mathematics Club Mirror Music Educators National Conference National Speech/Language Hearing Association New Student Orientation Omicron Delta Epsilon Outreach Ministries Phi Alpha Theta Publications Board Recreation Board Residential Hall Council Service and Learning Together (S.A.L.T.) Sigma Theta Tau Soccer Club Social Work (SWIG) Spanish Club Students for Exceptional Children (SCEC) Thursday Throwdown UBG Coffee House Board UBG Film Board Ultimate Frisbee Under the Influence of Christ Union Board of Governors (UBG) Venture Magazine Viking Days Volleyball Club Young Democrats |
| Clemens H. Granskou Hall- One of the twin towers. A co-ed residence hall for upperclass students. | Cliches- refer to AP stylebook |
| College- Capitalize when part of a proper name: Augustana College | Colleges and universities in the North Central Conference (NCC)-
Augustana College--Sioux Falls, SD Minnesota State University, Mankato--Mankato, MN Morningside College--Sioux City, IA University of Nebraska Omaha--Omaha, NE University of Northern Colorado--Greeley, CO University of North Dakota--Grand Forks, ND North Dakota State University--Fargo, ND University of South Dakota--Vermillion, SD South Dakota State University--Brookings, SD St. Cloud State University--St. Cloud, MN |
| Collegiate Chorale | Committee- Do not abbreviate. Capitalize when part of a formal name: the Senate Agriculture Committee. |
| Commons Desk- Capitalize when referring to the desk as either the Commons Information Desk or the Commons Desk | Commons Lounge |
| Community Sevice Day | Composition titles-Capitalize and italicize all composition
titles.
Apply the guidelines listed here to book titles, movie titles, opera titles, play titles, poem titles, song titles, television program titles, and the titles of lectures, speeches and works of art. The guidelines: -Capitalize the principal words, including preposition and conjunctions of four or more letters. -Capitalize an article - the, an, a - or word of fewer than four letters if it is the first or last word in a title. -Put quotation marks around the names of all such works except the Bible and books that are primarily catalogs of refrence material. In addition to catalogs, this category includes almanacs, directories, dictionaries, encyclopedias, gazeteers, handbooks and similar publications. Translate a foreign title into English unless a work is known to the American public by its foreign name. See the composition titles entry in the AP Stylebook for examples. |
| Concert and Lecture Series | Concert Band |
| Concert Choir | Controversial- An overused word; avoid it. |
| Convocation-A type of service often held Thursdays in Chapel. The word convocation should not be capitalized | Costello, Hilma Mattson Hall-Family Housing. |
| Couple-when used in the sense of two persons, the word takes plural verbs and pronouns: The couple were married Friday and left Saturday on their honeymoon. In the sense of a single unit, use a singular verb: Each couple was asked to donate $25. | Course Numbers-Use Arabic numerals and capitalize the subject when used with a numeral: History 110, Philosophy 120A |
| Courtesy Titles-When writing for the Mirror do
not use courtesy titles. Do not use Miss, Mrs, Mr, or Ms.
on
first reference. Instead use the first and last names of the
persons: Doris Huseboe, not Mrs. Arthur Huseboe.
For further details, see courtesy titles entry in the AP Stylebook |
| Dateline-Datelines on stories should contain a city name, entirely
in capital letters, followed in most cases by the name of the state, country
or territory where the city is located.
For complete details on the use of datelines, see the datelines entry in the AP Stylebook. |
Dates-Always use Arabic figures without st, nd, rd, or th. See months for examples and punctuation guidelines. |
| Days of the week-Capitalize them. Do not abbreviate, except when needed in tabular format: Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat (three letters, without periods, to facilitate tabular composition.) | Dean-Capitalize when used as a formal title before a name: Dean
Jim Bies.
Lowercase in ohter uses: Jim Bies, dean of student services; the dean. |
| Dean's List-Lowercase in all uses: He is on the dean's list.
She is a dean's list student.
A copy of each semester's dean's list can be obtained from the Registrar's Office in the Administration Building. |
Decades-Use Arabic figures to indicate decades of history. Use an apostrophe to indicate numerals that are left out; show plural by adding the letter s: the 1890's, the 90's, the roaring '20s, the mid-1980's. |
| Department Titles-See academic departments. | Dictionaries-For spelling, style and usage quesions not covered in this stylebook, consult Webster's New World Dictionary (the dictionary in the Mirror office). Use the first spelling listed in Webster's dictionary unless a specific exception is listed in this book |
| Dimensions-Use figures and spell out inches, feet, yards, etc.
to indicate depth, height, lenght, and width. Hyphenate adjectival forms
before nouns.
Examples:She is 5 feet 6 inches tall. The 5-foot 6-inch man. The 5-foot-6-woman. The 5-foot girl. The team signed a 7-footer. Use an apostrophe to indicate feet and quote marks to indicate inches (5'6") only in very technical contexts. |
Director- Most uses of director involve an occupational description not capitalized in any use: company director Janet Jones. |
| Disc Jockey-DJ is acceptable on second reference in a column or other special context. Use announcer in other contexts. | Distances-Use figures for 10 and above, spell out one through nine: She jogged three miles. The woman walks 10 miles every day. |
| Doctor-Use Dr. in first reference as a formal title before
teh name of an individual who holds a doctor of medicine degree: Dr.
Donald Odland.
The form Dr., or Drs. in the plural construction, applies to all first reference uses before a name, including direct quotations. Do not use Dr. before the names of individuals who hold honorary doctorates. Do not continue the use of Dr. in subsequent references. For college professors who hold doctorates, never use the title Dr. unless they specifically request it. For further details on the use of Dr., see the doctor entry in the AP Stylebook. |
Dollars-Always lowercase. Use figures and the $ sign
in all except casual references or amounts without a figure: The purse
cost $6. Will you loan me a dollar?b
For specific amounts, the word takes a singular verb: The kidnapper said $100,000 is what they want. For amounts of more than $1 million, use the $ link the numerals and up to two decimal places. Do not link the numerals and the word by a hyphen: The business is worth 4.32 million. It is worth exactly $4,319,794. She proposed a $500 million budget. The form for amounts less than $1 million: $4, $25, $1,000, $450,000. |
| Dr-See doctor. |
| East Hall-Coed, upperclass dormitory | EDDA-Augustana College's yearbook. Note all capital
letters. It should be italicized. |
| Edith Mortenson Center | Eide/Dalrymple Gallery-Showplace for Art Department |
| Elmen Center | Emeritus-This word often is added to formal titles to denote that individuals
who have retired retain their rank or title. When used, place emeritus
after the formal title, in keeping with the general practice of academic
institutions: Professor Emeritus of Music J. Earl Lee, or J. Earl Lee,
professor of
music. |
| Family names-Capitalize words denoting family relationships only when they precede the name of a person or when they stand unmodified as a substitue for a person's name: I wrote to Grandfather Smith. I wrote Mother a letter. I wrote my mother a letter. | Fellows of Augustana-Fellows is acceptable on second reference. |
| Final, finals-Always lowercase. | Financial Aid Office |
| Food Service Center | Forensics-Debate acceptable in all uses. |
| Former-Always lowercase. But retain capitalization for a formal title used immediately before a name: former President William C. Nelsen. | Fractions-Spell out amounts less than 1 in stories, using
hyphens between the words: four-fifths, seven-sixteenths, etc.
EXAMPLES:About one-third of the students. Use figures for precise amounts larger than 1, converting to decimals whenever practical. See percentages. |
| Fund raising, fund-raising, fund-raiser-Fund raising is difficult.
They planned a fund-raising campaign. A fund raiser was hired.
Fund raising is the noun form, fund-raising is used as a modifier and fund-raiser is a noun form. |
| Gilbert Sciece Center-Use Gilbert Science Center on first reference. GSC is acceptable on second reference. Departments: Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, Geography, Mathematics, Natural Science, Nursing, and Physics. | GSC-Acceptable on second reference |
| Graduate (v)-Graduate is correctly used in the active voice: She graduated from Augustana College. It is correct, but unnecessary, to use the passive voice: He was graduated from Augustana College. | Granskou Hall, Clemens H.-One of the towers co-ed residence hall for upperclassmen on north end of campus. |
| Halverson Room | Haugo Room |
| He, him, his, thee, thou-Personal pronouns referring to the deity are lowercase. | Hilma Mattson Costello Hall-Family student housing. |
| His, her-Do not presume maleness in constructing a sentence,
but use the pronoun his when an indefinite antecedent may be male
or female: A reporter attempts to protect his sources. (Not his
or her sources, but note the use of the word reporter rather
than newsman)
Frequently, however, the best choice is a slight revision of the sentence: Reporters attempt to protect their source. |
Historical periods and events-Capitalize the names of widely
recognized epochs in anthropology, archeology, geology and history: The
Bronze Age, the Dark Age, the Middle Age, the Pliocene Epoch.
Capitalize also widely recognized popular name for periods and events: the Atomic Age, the Boston Tea Party, the Civil War, the Exodus, the Great Depression, Prohibition. Lowercase century: the 18th century. Capitalize only the proper nouns or adjectives in general descriptions of a period: ancient Greece, classical Rome, the Victorian era, the fall of Rome. |
| Holidays and holy days-Capitalize them: New Year's Eve, New
Year's Day, Groundhog Day, Easter, Hanukkah, etc.
The legal holidays in federal law are New Year's, Martin Luther King Day, Washington's Birthday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas. |
Honorary degrees-All references to honorary degrees should specify that the degree was honorary. |
| HPER-Acceptable on all references to the Health, Physical Education and Recreation Department. | Huddle-Note uppercase. It does not have to be identified as being located in the Commons. The Huddle is operated by the Food Service Center. |
| Humanities Center-Departments: English; Journalism; Modern Foreign Languages; Music; Religion Philosophy and Classics; Communications and Theater. |
| Jabberwock-Former coffeehouse; condemned building on west side of East Hall. |
| KAUR-FM 89 Augustana College-Use KAUR-FM on first reference. KAUR is acceptable on second reference |
| Lawrence M. Stavig Hall- One of the towers. A co-ed residence hall for upperclass students on north end of campus. |
| Lectures-Capitalize and italicize their formal titles, as described in compostion titles. |
| Lutheran churches-See AP Stylebook |
| Madsen Center for the Social Sciences. | Magazine names-Capitalize and italicize the name. Lowercase
magazine unless it is part of the publication’s formal title: Newsweek
magazine.
Check the masthead if in doubt. The almanac has a listing of some
U.S. publications.
Venture is the literary magazine published on campus once a year in the spring. |
| Maintence Service Center | |
| Man-Avoid certain titles that end with –man. Neutral occupational descriptions such as police officer, firefighter and reporter often are better than policeman, fireman and newsman. | Marshall Room |
| Mass-It is celebrated. Always capitalize when referring to the ceremony, but lowercase any preceding adjectives: high Mass, low Mass, funeral Mass. | Master of arts, master of science-A master’s degree or a master’s is acceptable in any reference. See academic degrees for guidelines on when the abbreviations M.A. and M.S. are acceptable. |
| Media- In the sense of mass communications, such as magazines, newspapers, the news services, radio and television, the word is plural: The news media are resisting attempts to limit their freedoms. | Mikkelsen Library |
| Mirror- Capitalize and always italicize. The Mirror is Augustana College’s student-produced weekly newspaper. It is published Fridays, except during breaks. | Months- Capitalize the names of months in all uses.
When a month is used with a specific date, abbreviate only Jan., Feb.,
Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., and Dec. Spell out when using
alone, or with a year alone.
When a phrase lists only a month and a year, do not separate the year with commas. When a phrase refers to a month, day and year, set off the year with commas. Examples: January 1985 was a cold month. Jan. 2 was the coldest day of the month. His birthday is May 9. Feb. 14, 1976 was the target date. In tabular matter use these three-letter forms without a period: Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec. See dates and years. |
Morrison Commons- Commons acceptable in all references.
Rooms and offices located in the Commons:
| Augustana College Box Office | Augustana Students Association Office |
| Back Alley (game room) | Beloit Room |
| Bookstore | Cafeteria |
| Campus Post Office | Canton Room |
| Chicago Room | Commons Desk |
| Commons Lounge | Food Service Office |
| Halverson Room | Marshall Room |
| Paxton Room | The Huddle |
| Three-in-One Room | Union Board of Governors Office |
| Moses-A statue by Michelangelo located on the Augustana campus. Italicize and capitalize the name of the statue in stories. | Movie titles-Capitalize and italicize. See composition titles. |
| Music-The basic guidelines for capitalizing and italicizing the titles of musical works are listed in composition titles. See the music entry in the AP Stylebook for further guidelines. |
Music organizations:
| Brass Choir | Collegiate Chorale |
| Concert Band | Concert Choir |
| Northlander’s Jazz Band | Pep Band |
| Woman’s Choir | Augustana Choir |
| Chamber Choir |
| Names-In general, people are entitled to be known however they
want to be known as long as their identities are clear. Be certain
that the spelling of a person’s name is correct. Use the Buzz
Book to check spelling, but be aware that the Buzz Book is not
100 percent accurate. If in doubt call the person.
See nicknames. |
Newspaper names-Capitalize the city in a newspaper’s
name if that is the way the publication prefers it to be known.
Where location is needed but is not a part of the official name, use parentheses: The Kansas City (Mo.) Star. Augustana College’s student newspaper is the Mirror. Augustana Today is a newspaper published by the Augustana news director for alumni. |
| New Student Orientation- The New Student Orientation
committee organizes all events to welcome and help freshman and all transfer
students settle in each fall.
NSO is acceptable on second reference. |
Nicknames- A nickname should be used in place of a person’s
name in news stories only when it is the way the individual prefers to
be known: Bill Clinton.
When a nickname is inserted into the identification of an individual use quotation marks: Henry M. “Scoop” Jackson. Also: Jackson is known as “Scoop.” In sports stories and sports columns, commonly used nicknames may be substituted for a first name without the use of quotation marks: Hulk Hogan, Rocket Ismail. See names. |
| No.- Use as the abbreviation for number in conjunction with a figure to indicate position or rank: No. 1 man, No. 3 team. | Non-traditional students-Identified by Augustana College as being at least 23 and returning to school or with family or job commitments. Non-trad acceptable on second reference or in headlines. |
| Norse Inn-Family housing. | Northlander’s Jazz Band |
| NSO-New Student Orientation. Acceptable on second reference. | NSS-New Student Seminar. Acceptable on second reference. |
| ORDINARY USAGE-Spell out numbers one through nine and use figures
for numbers 10 and higher: one student, 10 people, 32 errors.
Apply this rule to both cardinal forms (one, two…10, 11) and ordinal
forms (first, second…10th, 11th).
The following entries contain rules dealing with numerals: addresses, ages, cents, century, chapters, course numbers, dates, decades, dimensions, distances, dollars, fractions, No., page numbers, percentages, ratios, room numbers, scene numbers, scores, sizes, speeds, telephone numbers, temperatures and years. |
| WHEN TO SPELL OUT-Spell out a numeral at the beginning of a
sentence. If necessary, recast the sentence. There is one exception
– a numeral that identifies a calendar year.
Thirty students traveled to Europe. Wrong: 512 freshman entered the college last year. Right: Last year 512 freshman entered the college. Right: 1986 was a very good year. |
| ROMAN NUMERALS-The Roman numerals are I(1), V(5),
X(10),
L(50), C(100), D(500), M(1000).
Use Roman numerals for wars and to show personal sequence for animals and people: World War II, Native Dancer II, King Louis XIV, Pope John Paul II. See Roman numerals. |
| LARGE NUMBERS-Round off or approximate large numbers if it will
help the reader and if the precise figure is not essential, particularly
in headlines: The president’s $2,765,493, 800 budget request (first
reference); the $2.8 billion request (subsequent or casual references
and in headlines).
In referring to millions, billions and so on, use a figure-word combination: 4 million people, $5.5 billion, $50 billion to $60 billion (not $50 to $60 billion). |
| PROPER NAMES-Use words or numerals according to an organization’s practice: 20th Century Fox, Twentieth Century Fund, Big Ten. |
| SOME PUNCTUATION AND USAGE EXAMPLES-eight-hour day, 10-foot
board, class of ’83, in the ‘70s,
the 1970s, one hundred and seventy-five, 1,346 students, 1346 Oak St., a 5-year-old girl, a 5-4 court decision 5 cents, $1.05, $650,000, $2.45 million, 12 percent to 15 percent, $12 million to $14 million, a ratio of 2-to-1, a 2-1 ratio, a 4-3 score, (605)338-9008, minus 10, zero, 60 degrees. See the AP Stylebook for further guidelines. |
| Obscenities, profanities, vulgarities-Do not use them in stories
unless they are part of direct quotations and there is a compelling reason
for them.
In reporting profanity that normally would use the words damn, or god, lowercase god and use the following format: damn, damn it, goddamn it. Do not, however, change the offending words to euphemisms. Do not, for example, change damn it to darn it. If a full quote that contains profanity, obscenity or vulgarity cannot be dropped but there is o compelling reason for the offensive language, replace letters of an offensive word with a hyphen. The word shit, for example, would become s--- or ----. These same rules apply to columnists. Do not allow gutter language to control the opinion page. Unintelligent people swear because their vocabulary isn’t large enough to provide them with the words they are looking for to express their opinions. |
Occupational titles-They are always lowercase: Bookstore manager Lloyd Frick said…See titles. |
| Odds | Office-Capitalize office when it is part of an agency’s
formal name: Placement Office, Business Office.
Lowercase in all other uses, including phrases such as: Professor Barrowman’s office. |
Offices on campus:
| Academic Services Office | Admissions Office |
| Advancement Office | Business Office |
| Financial Aids Office | Food Service Office |
| Human Relations Office | Placement Office |
| President’s Office | Provost’s Office |
| Public Events Office | Registrars Office |
| Student Services Office |
| On-Do not use on before a date or a day of the week when its
absence would not lead to confusion: The meeting will be held
Monday. He will be inaugurated Jan. 20.
Use on to avoid an awkward juxtaposition of a date and a proper name: John met Mary on Monday. He told Svendsbye on Thursday that the tuition increase was doomed. Use on also to avoid any suggestion that a date is the object of a transitional verb: The House killed on Tuesday a bid to raise more taxes. The Board of Regents postponed on Wednesday its consideration of a proposal to raise tuition. |
Oktoberfest-German Club celebration |
| Old Main | Organizations and institutions- Capitalize the full names of
organizations and institutions: the Augustana Student Association,
Augustana College, Viking Days Central Committee. Use lowercase
for internal elements of an organization when they have names that are
widely used generic terms: the history department of Augustana College,
the sports department of the Mirror.
Capitalize internal elements of an organization when they have names that are not widely used generic terms: the Task Force on the Status of Women, the Election Committee of the Augustana Student Association, the Film Board of the Union Board of Governors, the Executive Committee of the Board of Regents. |
| Over-It generally refers to spatial relationships: The hot-air
balloon flew over campus.
Over can, at times, be used with numbers: She is over 30. I paid over $100 for this dress. But more than may be better: Their salaries went up more than $50 a semester. Let your ear be your guide. |
| PA-Abbreviation for peer adviser. Use on second reference. | Page numbers-Use figures and capitalize page when used with a figure. When a letter is appended to a figure, capitalize it but do not use a hyphen: Page 1, Page 13, Page 26A. |
| Partial quotations-Avoid using partial quotes; you are better off paraphrasing the entire quote. | Party affiliation-When party designation is given use any of
these approaches as logical in constructing a story: -Democratic Sen. Tom Daschle of South Dakota said… -Rep. Tim Johnson, D-S.D., said… -Sen. Tom Daschle also spoke. The South Dakota Democrat said… |
| Pastor, campus-Pastor may be used as the title for the campus pastor. On second reference the last name should be used alone: Pastor Maribeth Goven said she thinks Augustana is bound for hell. Goven said… | Paxton Room |
| Peer Adviser-PA acceptable on second reference. | People, persons-Use person when speaking of an individual:
One person waited for the bus. The word people is preferred to persons in all plural uses. For example: Thousands of people attended the basketball game. Some rich people get financial aid. What will people say? There were 36 people at the forum. Persons should be used only when it is in a direct quote or part of a title as in Bureau of Missing Persons. People is a collection noun that takes a plural verb when used to refer to a single race or nation: The American people are united. In this sense, the plural is peoples: The peoples of Africa speak many languages. |
| Pep Band | Percent-One word. Always spell out. Exception: headlines.
It takes a singular verb when standing alone or when a
singular word follows an of construction: The professor said 60 percent was a failing grade. He said 50 percent of the membership was there. It takes a plural verb when a plural word follows an of construction: He said 50 percent of the members were there. |
| Percentages-Use figures: 1 percent, 2.5 percent (use decimals,
not fractions), 15 percent.
For amounts less than 1 percent, precede the decimal with a zero: The cost of soft drinks rose 0.9 percent. Repeat percent with each individual figure: He said 40 percent to 50 percent of the student body may not vote. |
Persons-See the people, persons entry.
-persons In regular text, use chairperson or chairpersons. If requested, use such terms as chairman or spokeswoman. If applicable, a term such as leader, head or representative may also be used. It is not necessary to use the male pronoun for general usage when referring to the leader of a group. |
| Ph.D., Ph.D.s-The preferred form is to say a person holds a doctorate and name the individual’s area of specialty. See academic degrees and doctor. | Physical Plant |
| Placement Office | Play titles-Capitalize and italicize. See composition titles. |
| p.m., a.m.- Lowercase with periods. Avoid the redundant 10 p.m. tonight. | Poetry-Capitalize and italicize. Capitalize the first word in a line of poetry unless the author deliberately has used lowercase for a special effect. Do not, however, capitalize the first word on indented lines that must be created simply because the writer’s line is too long for the available printing width. |
| President, college-Capitalize president only as a formal title
before one or more names: President Wagoner, Presidents
Svendsbye and Wagoner. Lowercase in all other uses: The president spoke in chapel today. Use only the last name on second reference. See titles. |
President, U.S.-See president, college. One exception: In most cases, the first name of a current U.S. president is not necessary on first reference. |
| President’s Office | Press conference-News conference is preferred. |
| Professor-Never abbreviate. Capitalize when used as a formal title before a full name. Do not continue in second reference unless part of a quotation. See academic titles and titles. | Provost-Capitalize when used as a formal title before a full name. Do not continue in second |
| Quatations in the news-It is acceptable to correct a quotation
in order to make it grammatically correct. It is also acceptable to correct
awakward word usage that may be embarrassing to the person speaking when
the quotation is printed.
It is not acceptable to use abnormal spellings to convey regional dialects or mispronounciations. These abnormal spellings are only appropriate when they help to convey a desired touch in a feature story. |
| Full vs. Partial Quotes-Fragmentary quotations should be avoided. A full quotation should be used if the speaker makes a clear, concise and interesting statement. In the case where a quotation is a bit awkward it is more effective to paraphrase the speaker. In the case of paraphrasing a quotation mark may be used if the speaker says something controversial or sensitive. |
| Context-It is possible to misquote a speaker by deleting qualifiers or modifying passages. In many cases the delivery of a statement is part of its context. |
| Offensive Language-See the obscenities, profanities, vulgarities entry. |
| Punctuation-See the quotation marks entry in the grammar and punctuation section of this manual. |
| Radio station-The call letter of the station are adequate on second reference: KAUR For first reference use the form KAUR-FM. | Ranges-Use the form: $12 million to $14 million.
Not: $12 to $14 million. |
| Ratios-Use figures and a hyphen: The ratio was 3-to-1, a
ratio of 3-to-1, a 2-1 ratio. The word to is ommitted when the
numbers precede the word ratio.
Always use the word ratio or a phrase such as 3-1 majority to avoid confusion with actual figures. |
Registrars Office |
| Religious references-The basic guidelines: |
| Deities-The proper manes of monotheistic deities are capitalized:
God,
the Father, the Son, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the Holy Spirit, etc.
Pronouns referring to the deity are lowercase: he, him, his, thee, thou, who, whose, they, etc. The deities of polytheistic religions are lowercase: god. The names of mythological and pagan gods and goddesses are capitalized: Neptune, Zeus, Venus, etc. Words such as god-awful, goddamn, godlike, godsend, etc. are lowercase. |
| Life of Christ-Major events in the life of Jesus Christ are
capitalized in references that do not use his name: The doctrines of
the Last Supper, the Crucifixion, the Resurrection and the Ascension are
central to the Christian belief.
When his name is used the events are lowecase: The ascension of Jesus into heaven took place 40 days after his resurrection from the dead. Events in the life of his mother are subject to the same principle: He cited the doctrines of the Immaculate Conception and the Assumption. But: She referred to the assumption of Mary into heaven. |
| Rites-Rites which commemorate the Last Supper or signify a belief
in Jesus are capitalized: the Lord's Supper, Holy Communion, Holy Eucharist.
Lowercase the names of all other sacraments. Capitalize the terms Benediction and Mass. But: a high Mass, a low Mass, a requiem Mass. |
| Religious titles-The first reference to a cleryman, clergywoman
or nun normally should include a capitalized title before the individuals
name.
In many cases, the Rev. is the designation that applies before a name of first reference. Use the Rev. Dr. only if the individual has an earned doctoral degree (doctor of divinity degrees frequently are honorary) and reference to the degree is relevent. On second reference to members of the clergy: To a man: Use only a last name if he uses a surname: the Rev. Billy Graham on first reference, Graham on second. If a man is known only by a religious name, repeat the title: Pope Paul V! or Pope Paul on first reference, Pope Paul, the pope (not Paul) or the pontiff on second; Metropolitan Ireney on first reference Metropolitan Ireney or metropolitan on second. -To a woman: Do not use Miss., Mrs., or Ms., before her last name. Note that this is a variation of AP style. Detailed guidance on specific titles and descriptive words such as priest and minister is provided in the entries for mjor denominations in the AP Stylebook. Some other guidelines are listed in the religious titles entry in the AP Stylebook. |
Residence halls-
Bergsaker Hall East Hall Granskou Hall Hilma Mattson Costello Hall Solberg Hall Stavig Hall Tuve Hall |
| Residence Life | Rev.-When using this title before an individual's name it must be preceeded by the word the because it does not stand for a noun. See the religious titles entry. |
| Roman numerals-Letters are used to express numerals. The capital
letter I, equals 1, V equals 5, X equals 10, L
equals 50, C equals 100, D equals 500 and M equals
1,000.
Other numbers are formed from these by adding or subtracting as follows: -The value of a letter following another of the same or greater value is added: III equals 3. -The value of a letter preceding one of greater value is subtracted: IV equals 4. |
Room numbers-Use figures and capitalize room when used with a figure: Room 2, Room 211. |
| Rooms-Capitalize the names of specially designated rooms:
Beloit Room, Canton Room, Chicago Room, Halverson Room, Haugo Room, Marshall Room, Paxton Room, Three-in-One Room. |
| Scene numbers-Captialize scene when used with a figure: Scene 2; Act 2, Scene 4. But: the second scene, the third scene. | School-Capitalize when part of a proper name. |
| Scores-Use figures exclusively, placing a hyphen between the totals of the winning and losing teams: The Vikings defeated the Jackrabbits 21-14, the Vikings scored 12-6 football victory over the Coyotes. Use a comma in this format: Vikings 103, UND 89. | Seasons-Lowercase spring, summer, fall, winter and terms such as springtime unless they are part of a proper name: St. Paul Winter Carnival, Winter Olympics, Summer Olympics. |
| Second reference-This term applies to all subsequent references
to an organization or individual within a story.
Some acceptable abbreviations and acronyms are listed in the Stylebook. The inclusions of an acceptable term for second reference does not mean that it must be used after the first reference. Many times such terms as the company or the commission are most appropriate. At other times, the full name may need to be repeated for clarity. Addtitional guidelines can be found under the abbreviationsand acronyms, capitalization, courtesy titles and titlesentries. |
Shalom |
| Sizes-Use figures: a size 9 dress, size 40 long, 10B shoes, a 34 sleeve. | Slang-In general, avoid slang, the highly informal language that is outside of conventional or standard usage. |
| Madsen Center for Social Sciences-Departments: Business Administration/Economics, Education, Government and International Affairs, History, Psychology, and Sociology/Social Work. | Solberg Hall-A co-ed residence hall for first-year students. |
| Song titles-When including song titles in a story, the title should be in italics. See compostition titles and album titles entries. | Speeds-Use figures. The car slowed to 7 miles per hour, winds
of 5 to 10 miles per hour.
Avoid extensively hyphenated construction such as 5-mile-per-hour-winds. |
| State-Follow these guidelines: |
| Standing Alone-Spell out the neames of the 50 U.S. states when they stand alone in textual material. Any state name maay be condensed, however, to fit typographical requirements for tabular material. |
| Eight not abbreviated-The names or the eight states are never abbreviated in datelines or text: Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas, and Utah. |
| Abbreviations Required-Use the state abbreviations listed at
the end of this section:
-In conjuction with the name of a city, town, villiage or military base in most datelines. See datelines entry. -In conjuction with the name of a city, county, town, village or military base in text. See examples in punctuation section below. -In short-form listings of party affiliation: D. Ala., R. Mont. See the party affiliation entry. The abbreviations, which also appear in the entries for each state, are: Ala., Ariz., Ark. Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Kan., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Neb., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.M., N.Y., N.C., N.D., Okla., Ore., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.D., Tenn., Vt., Va., Wash., W. Va., Wis., and Wyo. |
| Punctuation-Place one comma between the city and the state name,
and another comma after the state name, unless ending
a sentence or indicating a dateline: He was traveling from Nashville, Tenn., to Austin, Texas, en route to his home in Albuquerque, N.M. She said Cook County, Ill., was Mayor Daley's stronghold. |
| Miscellaneous-Use New York state when necessary to distinguish
the state from New York City.
Use state of Washington or Washington state when necessary to distinguish the state from the District of Columbia. (Washington State is the name of a university in the state of Washington.) |
| Stavig Hall-One of the towers. A co-ed residence hall for upperclass students. | Student Activities Office |
| Suspensive hyphenation-The form: The 5-and 6-year-olds attented morning class. | Syllabus, syllabi |
| Tabular matter-Exceptions may be made to the normal rules for abbreviations, as necessary to make material fit. But make any abbreviations as clear as possible. | Telephone numbers-Use figures. The forms:
Long distance: (605)225-1179 On Campus: 336-4935 Extensions: Ext. 364 |
| Television program titles-Italicize and capitalize. See composition titles entry. | Television stations-The call letters alone are frequently adequate, but when this phrase is needed, use lowercase: television station KSFY. |
| Temperature-Use figures for all except zero. Use a word, not a minus sign to indicate temperatures below zero. | Theater-Use this spelling also in all names. Note, however that some names are an exception. |
| Three-in-One-Room | Time, date, place-In routine stories follow this sequence in listing the time and place of meetings and other news events. However, the context of style of a story may require an exception. For example: 8 p.m. Thursday in the Canton Room. |
| Time element-Never use tomorrow or yesterday. If an event is coming in the upcoming week use the day it will occur. If an event happened in the past week use the date. If an event is occuring on the day of publication use today. | Times-All times require figures except for noon and midnight.
A colon is used to seperate hours from minutes: 10 a.m., 2 p.m., 4;30
p.m. Avoid using redundant times such as 10 a.m. this morning.
a.m. and p.m are preferred over o'clock. Right: 10 a.m. Wrong: 10:00 a.m. |
| Titles-Capitalize those formal titles which precede an individual's name. Basic guidelines: |
| Lowercase-Titles which are not used before an individual's name should be lowercase and spelled out: The president gave a speech. When a title is set off by commas it should be lowercase and spelled out: The president, William Nelsen, resigned. |
| Courtesy titles-Never use a courtesy title. |
| Formal titles-When used before a name or names formal title
should be capitalized: Pope John Paul, President Clinton.
A formal title acknowledges authority, professionalism or academic achievement
so specific that the title is an integral part of a proper name. There
are other titles which are merely occupational descriptions: astronaut
John Glenn, movie star Annette Bening. The determination as to whether
a title is actually formal or accupational depends mostly on the practice
of the governmental or private organization that confers it. When there
is doubt as to the status of a title and the practice of the
organization can not be determined, use a construction that sets the name or the title off with commas. |
| Abbreviated titles-Some formal titles are capitalized and abbreviated when used before a name. These are: Dr., Gov., Lt. Gov., Rep. and Sen. All of these except Dr. are spelled out when they are used in quotations. All other formal titles are speed out. |
| Royal titles-Capitalize royal titles when used before a name. |
| Titles of Nobility-Capitalize full titles that replace the name of an individual: Duke of Earl. |
| Past and Future Titles-Titles that individuals have held or
are going to hold are capitalized when they are used before the
person's name: former President George Bush. |
| Long titles-Seperate long titles from the name by commas: Charles Robinson, undersecretary for economic affairs, spoke. Never put a title of more than three words before a name. |
| Additional Guidance-Some titles which are useful may be found in the General Information, Administration and Administration with Faculty Status sheets located in this Stylebook. |
| Today, tonight-Use in direct quotations, in stories that will
be
published on the day in question and in phrases that do not refer to a specific day: Morals today are different than they were in 1920. |
Tomorrow-Use only in direct quotations and in phrases that do not refer to a specific day: The world of tomorrow will be technologically advanced. |
| Tonight-Use 8 tonight or 8 p.m. today. Do not use 8 p.m. tonight. | Tradenames-Use only in reference to specific product.
Correct: Katie used a Xerox machine. Incorrect: Katie Xeroxed 50 copies. |
| Tuve Hall-A co-ed redidence hall for upperclass students. | TV-Acceptable as an adjective or in terms such as cable TV. Do not use a noun unless part of a quotation. |
| UBG-Acceptable in all second references to the Union Board of Governors. | Union Board of Governors-Always use on first reference. |
| United States-Spell out when used as a noun. Use U.S. (no space) only as an adjective. | U.S.-Used as an adjective, but not as a noun. |
| Valhalla House | Venture-A literary magazine published in the spring of each year. |
| Verbs-Avoid the splitting of infinitive forms of a verb (to leave, to help, etc.) or the compound forms (had left, are found out, etc). | Versus-The abbreviation vs. is acceptable in all references. |
| Vice president-Capitalize or lowercase following the same rules that apply to president. See president, college; president, U.S.; and titles. Do not drop the first name of a vice president on first reference. Example: Vice President Al Gore spoke. Not Vice President Gore spoke. | Viking Days |
| Viking Days Central Committee | Viking Days Royalty |
| Viking Varietites | Vote tabulation-Always use figures for the totals. Spell out below 10 in other phrases related to the voting: by a five-vote majority. For results that involve fewer than 1,000 voters, seperate the figures with the word to and avoid hyphenated adjectival constructions. |
| Wellness Center | Widths-See the dimensions entry. |
| Women-Women should receive the same treatment as men in all
areas of coveragae. Physical descriptions, sexist references, demeaning
sterotypes and condescending should not be use.
-Copy should not assume maleness when both sexes are involved. -Copy should not express surprise that an attractive woman can be professionally accomplished. -Use the same standards for men and women in deciding whether to include specific mention of personal appearance or marital and family situation. -Do not suggest that the male is always the wage-earner and the female is always the homemaker in a relationship. -Copy should not denote masculine or feminine strengths and weaknesses between the sexes. -Do not report marital status unless it is pertiment. |
Women's Choir |
| Word selection-If a word is not listed in this style manual or the AP Stylebook refer to Webster's New World Dictionary. | Worship, worshiped, worshiping, worshiper |
| Writing Center-Located in the basement of Humanities Center. Offers writing assistance to students for papers. |
| Years-Use figures, without commas: 1775. Use an s
without an apostrophe to indicate spans of decades or centuries: the
1890s the 1800s. But use an apostrophe for the '80s, the '60s, ect.
Years are the lone exception to the general rule in numerals that a figure is not used to start a sentence: 1979 was a very good year. |
Yesterday-Use only in direct quotations and in phrases that do not refer to a specific day. Use the day of the week in other cases. |
| ZIP codes-Use all-caps ZIP for Zone Improvement Program,
but always lowercase the word code.
Run the five digits together without a comma, and do not put a comma between the state name and the ZIP code: Sioux Falls, S.D. 57197. |
Mirror Standards and
Ethics
The Augustana Mirror asserts its right inform
the college community.
Mirror reporters are expected to gather the
facts of a story from reliable sources and to report them accurately.
The duty of the editor is to check facts, ask unanswered
questions and edit stories for clarity and style.
The Mirror will print impartial stories presenting
both sides of an issue.
It is acceptable for a source to inquire about the
accuracy of a quotation. A reporter is allowed to read a quote back to
a source for accuracy and clarity only. The Mirror will not allow
any source to read an entire story prior to publication.
The Mirror is not governed by the college.
It is virtually self-sufficient except for office space and staff salaries,
which are paid as financial aid. Advertising revenue provides the funds
to publish the paper.
The Mirror is independent and will not allow
the administration, student government, faculty or advisers to attempt
to censor the paper in any way.
The Mirror is a student newspaper, produced
by Augustana students for Augustana students and the campus community.
That is our right, not our privilege.
I. Statement of Policy
It is undeniable that students are protected in
their exercise of freedom of expression by the First Amendment of the Constitution
of the United States. Accordingly, it is the responsibility of school officals
to insure the maximum freedom of expression to all students.
It is the policy of Augustana College that the Augustana
Mirror
has been established as a forum for student expression. As a forum, each
publication should provide a full opportunity for students to inquire,
question and exchange ideas. Content should reflect all areas of student
interest, including topics about which there may be dissent or controversy.
It is the policy of Augustana College that student
journalists shall have the right to determine the content of offical student
publications.
III. Protected Speech
School officials cannot:
1. Ban the publication or
distribution of birth control information in student publications.
2. Censor or punish the
occasional use of vulgar or so-called "four-letter" words.
3. Prohibit criticism of
school policies or practices.
4. Cut off funds to offical
student publications because of disagreement over editorial policies.
5. Prohibit the school newspaper
from accepting advertising.
IV. Story Coverage
Staff members with a vested interest in a particular
student organization, i.e. the Augustana Student Association, the Augustana
College Congregation, should not write stories pertaining to that organization.
V. Advisor Job Security
No teacher who advises a student publication will
be fired, transferred or removed from the advisorship for failure to exercise
editorial control over the student publication or to otherwise suppress
the rights of free expression of student journalists.
VI. Prior Restraint
The Mirror will not be viewed by school administrators,
professors, student government personnel or students prior to distribution,
with the exception of its advisors, who may examine contents of the editor's
discretion.
VII. Student Government Controls
Student government should not censor the Mirror
by
revoking funds. The Mirror does not receive funds from ASA.
VIII. Nameless Sources
The is no reason to identify someone whose job it
is to make press statements. Otherwise, sources should be identified unless
so doing places them in physical danger or might cause financial or professional
harm. Unidentified sources must be acknowledged as such in the story with
a reason for anonymity.
IX. Confidentiality
There is no way a reporter can guarantee a source
absolute protection from being named.
X. On the Record
Reporters should keep their interviews on the record
unless there is a compelling reason to go off the record. The reason is
simple: You can't print something that's off the record, and the Mirror
is trying to print news.
If there is an occasion to go off the record consult
the editor. This may mean coming back to the source later.
Mirror Options
I. Columns:
Columns add interest and variety to any newspaper,
including the Mirror. Anyone who is interested and dedicated
should be allowed to write a column for the newspaper, but these columns
should be in good taste and should be of interest to the
Augustana student body.
If an individual who is not on the Mirror
staff volunteers to write a column, either regularly or occasionally, it
is up to the editor to decide whether or not that individual should be
allowed to contribute.
The purpose of a column is to offer new and interesting
insights from a student's pointof view. It is wise to include columns
on a variety of issues, such as politics, religion, entertainment, sports,
campus life, etc.
Columnists need not write a column every week, but
there should be at least two or three opinion type pieces in each issue
of the Mirror.
There is no set length for columns.
However, they should not drag on or become repetitious. If the message
in a 15-inch column can be conveyed adequately in 10 inches, it is best
to save the space and the readers' time. Be concise!
Opinion columns should have some label as a column.
For example, a box with the writer's photograph and name labels a column
as being something other than news story and sets it off as being of the
writer's own opinion.
Columns appearing in other sections of the newspaper
(variety or sports sections) should clearly be something other than straight
news. Again, using a photo box with the writer's photo and name works
to set columns off. Boxing, shading, headline variations, or setting the
copy in a two column width format also will work.
Columns should be set in the same font and size
as regular news copy. If a column appears every week, it can have
its own standing headline, such as: Yakety Yak or Reflections. If
a column only appears occasionally, it should carry a regular headline.
II. Editorials:
Editorials are a part of the Mirror's opinion
page. They should be written and included in the newspaper when there
is an issue of importance that warrents comment.
Editorials are written by one individual on the
newspaper staff or by the staff as a whole.
Bylines should not be listed with an editorial in
the Mirror.
An editorial should include an intriguing headline-however,
it should not be sarcastic or negative, it should merely summarize.
III. Letters to the editor:
Letters to the editor should always appear on the
opinion page. They should be clearly labeled with a standing head
that says Letters to the editor.
Each letter should have a very short summary headline
which is placed beneath the section head and above the actual letter.
Each letter should begin with To the editor:,
(in font 5) and should end with the student's name and academic classification
(freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, etc.). If the letter is from
an administrator or someone outside of the Augustana's community, a title
which identifies that individual should be included: Lee Bowker, porvost;
Fran Johnson, manager, Ronald McDonald House. Closing remarks
such as sincerely, from, best regards, etc. should be omitted.
Before running a letter to the editor, the author
of the letter should be called to make sure he or she actually wrote the
letter.
Letters to the editor can be edited for reasons
of space but the meaning should not be altered. If editing is necessary,
the author of the letter should be contacted to make sure the editing does
not change the meaning or intention of the letter.
Augustana
Alcohol Advertising Policy
Augustana College discourages the sale of any advertising
in any college publication or college related radio or television broadcast
in which the advertising or illustrations are suggestive of the misuse
of alcohol.
The following guidelines shall be used:
--The nature of the establishment. If its
primary function is to sell alcohol, or if the selling of alcohol is its
only function, advertising from such an establishment normally will not
be accepted
--If the above guideline is met favorably, then
the following guidelines shall also be observed.
--The nature of the ad copy. Does it promote
the consumption of alcohol beyond social drinking? Does the copy
suggest or encourage abuse? If the answer to either question is "yes",
the copy should not be allowed.
--Can the copy be altered to eliminate words or
phrases that suggest or encourage abuse while still maintaining the effectiveness
of the ad? If so, the ad may be acceptable.
For the purpose of this policy statement, a college
publication shall be defined as a newspaper, tabloid, athletic program,
brochure, catalogue, book, magazine or periodical sanctioned or published
by Augustana College.
The guidelines shall be observed by the person or
persons responsible for the publication or broadcast as designated by Augustana
College.