• comprehensive examinations, such as professional/graduate school admissions tests, licensure examinations, standardized achievement tests; 

• locally developed tests reflecting the intended student outcomes of the department; and,

• other techniques which require students to integrate and apply the knowledge gained from the range of courses in a degree program such as assessing student performance and cognitive development through;

   1.    capstone courses,

   2.    student academic portfolios,

   3.    theses or culminating research projects,

   4.    structured interviews measuring student learning (not attitudes or satisfaction) with panels of faculty, and

   5.    structured evaluations of internship experiences. 

These methods of measurement require systematic criteria, standards of performance and faculty review processes to provide meaningful feedback on student outcomes.

Direct measures may assess student behavioral and attitudinal change, only if specific behaviors and attitudes are a part of the intended student outcomes identified by the departmental faculty.